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A **varicocele** is an enlargement of the veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. It occurs when veins around the testicles become swollen due to impaired valve function or increased pressure. Symptoms include swelling, a "bag of worms" feel, pain, and potential infertility. The left side of the scrotum is more commonly affected. Causes include anatomical factors, poor valve function, or activities that increase abdominal pressure. Treatment options include observation for mild cases, surgery (varicocelectomy), or embolization, a minimally invasive procedure. Varicoceles can affect sperm production, so treatment may be needed for infertility or persistent pain.