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A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or tissue, creating a visible bulge. Common types include inguinal, femoral, umbilical, hiatal, and incisional hernias. Symptoms typically include pain or discomfort, especially when lifting or straining, and a visible lump or bulge. Causes include increased abdominal pressure from heavy lifting, pregnancy, chronic coughing, obesity, and weak abdominal walls from aging or previous surgeries. Treatment often involves surgery to repair the hernia, sometimes using a mesh to strengthen the area. Lifestyle changes, like weight management and avoiding heavy lifting, can help prevent recurrence.